Women are up to eight times more likely to develop thyroid disease than men. Here is why — and what to look out for.
Why women?
Autoimmune predisposition, oestrogen and progesterone fluctuations, pregnancy-related changes, and post-menopausal effects all contribute.
Common conditions
Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's), hyperthyroidism (Graves'), nodules, multinodular goitre and thyroid cancer.
Symptoms to know
Fatigue, weight change, hair thinning, menstrual irregularity, cold or heat intolerance, palpitations, mood change.
When to see a surgeon
A neck lump, compressive symptoms, suspicious ultrasound or failed medical therapy.
Why choose a female surgeon
For many women, discussing a visible neck operation is easier with a female surgeon who understands the cosmetic and lifestyle implications first-hand.