Most thyroid nodules are benign, but a small proportion harbour cancer. This guide explains how nodules are evaluated in Dubai and when surgery becomes necessary.
What are thyroid nodules?
A thyroid nodule is a discrete lump within the thyroid gland. They are common — up to half of adults have at least one detectable on ultrasound — and the vast majority are benign.
How nodules are evaluated
Evaluation combines clinical exam, TSH blood test, thyroid ultrasound and — when indicated — fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Ultrasound is graded using TI-RADS to estimate the risk of malignancy.
When surgery is recommended
Surgery is considered for: malignant or suspicious FNAC results; nodules causing compressive symptoms; large or rapidly growing nodules; cosmetic concern when significant; or toxic (hyperfunctioning) nodules unresponsive to medical therapy.
Types of surgery
Options include hemithyroidectomy (removal of one lobe) or total thyroidectomy. The choice depends on nodule size, location, cytology and patient preference.
Recovery
Most patients go home the day after surgery. Voice rest for a few days, light activity for two weeks. Lifelong levothyroxine is required after total thyroidectomy.